Essay about Discuss How Psychology Developed as a...

Discuss how psychology developed as a scientific discipline Prior to psychology being recognised as a scientific discipline in its own right, it was mainly a philosophical concept developed by theorists in areas such as animism and dualism. However, these philosophies were not based on objectivity unlike today’s psychology which maintains that for an investigation to be deemed scientific it must be based on the scientific method, which involves gathering empirical and measurable evidence. A key figure in the development of psychology as a science is Renà © Descartes; a French philosopher and mathematician. Descartes was most influential in his recognition of the body and mind being two separate entities. Descartes differed from†¦show more content†¦Bishop George Berkeley argued that there may indeed be no such thing as matter, as Locke claims that all we ever see if primary and secondary qualities. Berkeley’s ideas are called idealism, and essentially state that all ideas come from the senses. However, it cannot be disputed that the work of Locke and Hume was greatly influential in psychology’s development as a scientific discipline. Indeed, these notions on habit and causality became important in the development of behaviourism and the work of Jean Piaget. The birth place of psychology as a scientific discipline was in Germany, with Wilhelm Wundt becoming the founding father of psychology as he was the first person to describe himself as a psychologist and to publish the first textbook on psychology. Wundt and many other German scientists held that the human mind can be studied scientifically. Germany was the birthplace of psychology as academics were open to the notion that psychology could be studied scientifically and not in a traditional philosophical way like other academics believed. Germany was also central in the development of experimental physiology, which was important in the progress of experimental psychology. Wundt was also responsible for developing the first proper sch ool of thought in psychology: structuralism. Wundt also followed onShow MoreRelatedCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as â€Å"a branch of applied psychology that focuses on person-environmentRead MorePsychology in Greek Philosophy, Paragraphs1403 Words   |  6 Pagespeople have contributed to the filed of psychology. Three whom I believe made significant impacts are Socrates, Aristotle and Rene Descartes. In the following section, I will briefly discuss a bit about each individual, and then talk about which of the four arche types they each fall under based on the information presented. Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who devoted his life and work to searching for moral good, virtue, and justice. He developed a method of seeking knowledge by questionRead MoreHarry Harlow : An American Psychologist Who Studied Monkeys And Their Behavior1243 Words   |  5 Pagesmonkeys and their behavior. His research paved the way to a better understanding of human behavior. Dr. Harlow’s research also helped to better understand the psychology of children. This essay will discuss Dr. Harlow’s background, education, social influence, historical significance, and major contributions in the study of psychology. â€Æ' Background Early Childhood Harry Harlow’s original last name was Israel, and he was born on Halloween in 1905. He grew up in Fairfield, Iowa. His parent’sRead More1. Introduction: It is important for a registered counsellor to understand and gain insight into2000 Words   |  8 Pagesexploring key terms of this field, discuss the history of neuropsychology and how it has developed over the years, differentiate between the different types of neuropsychology, discuss the role of neuropsychological assessment in the field of psychology and the role of a neuropsychologist in the South African context, as well as discuss the relevance of knowledge in the field of neuropsychology for registered counsellors. 2. Neuropsychology as a field within Psychology: According to the Reader’s DigestRead MoreEssay on The History of Psychology1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Psychology In order to discuss Psychologys history, it is important to understand that psychology still does not have one unifying approach unlike the natural sciences; even the definition of Psychology and what it truly means is still undecided. However I shall attempt to review chronologically its philosophical origins, include how the science of Physics and Biology were placedRead MoreCriminal Profiling : The Criminal Investigative Approach, And The Scientific Statistical Approach Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesissues surrounding the inability to conclusively deduct a precise profile of an individual that may or may not commit such crimes. This paper will discuss the relevant successfulness of offender profiling. There are three leading approaches in offender profiling: the criminal investigative approach, the clinical practitioner approach, and the scientific statistical approach. The criminal investigative approach is what is used law enforcement and more specifically by the Behavioural Analysis UnitRead MoreMy Specific Field Is Important Parts Of Being An Expert896 Words   |  4 Pagespractitioners of the same field. When studying any discipline, it is imperative to be familiar with the way that knowledge is shared within that particular subject. Although there are a plethora of media outlets in the present day that allow experts to share their knowledge in a variety of new and exciting ways, many subjects continue to present their most scholarly findings through academic writings. Academic writing in my specific field, psychology, answers questions about behavior and mental processesRead MoreCompare Contrast Two Approaches to Psychology1527 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a disci pline that involves monitoring mental processes and behaviour scientifically. Psychologists try to delve into the basic functions of a person and animals cerebral activity. This usually involves studying relationships, emotions, personality and many more areas of a person or animals day to day life. Psychology tends to steer towards finding reasons for a person or animals actions in an attempt to resolve them. There are many different sub - fields of psychology, however it isRead MoreBehavioral Approach And Consistent Misunderstanding And Devaluation1344 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Behaviorism application to early childhood, the behavioral approach and consistent misunderstanding and devaluation exists among many professional in the early childhood field. In this paper, it will discuss the important figures in developing behaviorism, the principal elements of the theory and relevant periods of development through adolescence. In addition, it will identify and describe the critical features of the behavioral approach and their similarities to early childhood and theRead MoreArgument of Hr1723 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprises. (Wright Nishii, 2006) Human resource management is an emerging discipline, coming out in the late 20th century. The history of human resource management is not long, but the idea of personnel management has a long history. From the beginning of 18th century industrial revolution to 1970s, this period is known as the traditional personnel management phase. Since 1970s, the traditional personnel management developed into HR. 2.1 The Traditional Personnel Management Phase The traditional

Evaluating Health Policies That Are Targeted At Health...

Critically appraise the conceptual and practical advantages and disadvantages of using concentration indices to measure inequity in health and in the delivery of health care. Discuss the pros and cons of using these kinds of measures to monitor and evaluate health policies that are targeted at health inequality. What is equity? Although equality and equity are not the same, the concepts are intimately related. With the absence of a single accepted definition of equity, there is general agreement that equity implies quality. The measurement of inequality pertains to statistical variation. Equity on the other hand requires normative judgements based on moral theories. Inequality in consumption means that different people receive different†¦show more content†¦Measurement of Inequality: The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient: The health Lorenz curve has on the x-axis ? the cumulative proportion of population ranked by health, and the y-axis ? the cumulative proportion of health. The Gini coefficient is a measure of the total health inequality, is 2* the area between the curve and the diagonal line. The Concentration curve ? the x-axis is cumulative per cent of the population ranked by income, and the y-axis is the cumulative per cent of health. The Concentration index is a measure of income related health inequality, and is 2* the area between the concentration curved the diagonal. Measuring income-related inequality in health Socio-economic variations in health can be presented by the concentration curve and CI, as a means to assess the degree of income-related inequality in the distribution of a health variable. The 2 key variables underlying the concentration curve are: The health variable (assuming that we have a continuous cardinal measure of health that can be compared and aggregated across individuals), the distribution of which is the subject of interest A variable capturing living standardsShow MoreRelatedKeeping People Well with Effective Public Health Practice1797 Words   |  7 Pagesdependent on effective public health practice. In this assignment I will consider the statement ‘The well-being of communities is dependent on effective public health practice.’ I will do this by looking at wellbeing, defining public health practice and by looking at evidence based practice, epidemiology, policies and goals generated and their effective application. I will also suggest why public health practice is not always as effective in practice as it is in policy. Achievement of wellbeing isRead MoreHuman Capital Accumulation And Reducing Inequality1270 Words   |  6 PagesOutcomes in health, education and wellbeing are fundamentally connected to building human capital accumulation and reducing inequality. However, the previous examination of Bolsa Familia has shown there is no significant improvement in indicators of nutrition, growth, anaemia and cognitive development among the recipients of Bolsa Familia. Thus, to assure CCT programmes will contribute to eventual outcomes of human capital accumulation requires an extension of CCT programs towards the quality ofRead MoreHealth Education Plan On Breast Cancer Essay1967 Words   |  8 PagesHealth Education Plan on Breast Cancer New Zealand had the third highest mortality rate of breast cancer in the Western world. In order to put a stop to this epidemic of breast cancer we should focuses on four key areas of work; early detection, the future of the disease, targeted therapies for the treatment, prevention New Zealand, about 2800 women a year are diagnosed with breast cancer and 600 women die each year around them. 7 women with breast cancer were found to be around for a day. BreastRead MoreAnalysis Of Concepts Of Health, Disability, Illness And Behavior3120 Words   |  13 Pages Table of Contents LO1 1. Introduction 1.1 Analysis of concepts of health, disability, illness and behaviour 1.2 Assessment of the perception of Travellers and Gypsies and how it has changed over time 1.3 Analysis of legislation, society and culture made available by services for Travellers and Gypsies LO2 2.1 Analysis of the care needs of Travellers and Gypsies 2.2 Explanation of current systems for supporting Travellers and Gypsies 2.3 Evaluation of services available locallyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesUnited States. Due to this widespread epidemic, President Richard Nixon declared the â€Å"War on Drugs† in 1971 with a campaign that promoted the prohibition of illicit substances and implemented policies to discourage the overall production, distribution, and consumption. The War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy has experienced the most significant and complex challenges between criminal law and the values of today’s society. With implemented drug polices becoming much harsher over the years in orderRead MoreHealth Promotion Proposal Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesfor at least 3 months. This aim is appropriate to the identified health need of empowering the first time mothers by offering them active breastfeeding support, because, by helping the mothers to acquire skills the practitioners are using their own power(power-over) to help the first time mothers gain power (power-from- within).( Laverack 2009) Health promotion is enabling people to gain control over their lives. ( World Health Organisation 1986, in and Naidoo and Wills 2009). This aim is appropriateRead MoreFamily Resource Management: An Anthology of Articles3988 Words   |  16 Pagesidentities outside the family structure, within the family structure they have relational identities that impact one another. Social Environment Influences Friends and family influence your health habits. (2012). Huffington Post. Retrieved: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/friends-family-health-habits-smoking-drinking-alcohol_n_3728302.html This article attempts to analyze how a variety of conditions that are considered acceptable or unacceptable behaviors are influenced by exteriorRead More Welfare to Work: A New Response to Poverty Essay2630 Words   |  11 Pagesand children, and (2) on how this initiative is affecting both this group and the overall problem of poverty. Also included are a discussion of the historical and contemporary issues regarding this initiative as well as implications for social work policy and practice.       Welfare to Work under TANF: A New Generation of Responses to Poverty Existing in all cultures and affecting people from many walks of life, especially single mothers and children, poverty does not discriminate. What is povertyRead MoreThe Disproportionate Incarceration Of African American Males Essay1872 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen as salient of a social problem (Travis, Western, Redburn, 2014). Incarceration rates within the United States remained relatively stable until the early 1970’s were they saw modest increases (Pettit Western, 2004). In the 1980’s, changes in policy resulted in a growth of the inmate population from 501,886 inmates in 1980 (Beck Gillard, 1995) to its peak of 2.31 million in 2008, since then it has been on a slow decline (Kaeble, Glaze, Tsoutis, Minton, 2016). African American males haveRead MorePhilippines Anti-Poverty Program Through Peoples Participation9113 Words   |  37 Pagesthrough its development programs in poverty alleviation. The Philippine Government through the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) continued to improve its anti-poverty strategy based on the broad vision set out in the NAAA and subsequent policy statements on poverty reduction and social reform. Dubbed as Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (or Linking Arms Against Poverty), the strategy was an integral part of the updated Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) for 2001-2004 that was

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology free essay sample

Most of the earth’s water is salt water. In fact, only three percent of the earth’s water is fresh, so try to save water. Have showers instead of baths. Don’t wash dishes under a running tap. Don’t leave the water running while you clean your teeth. B. When you go shopping, always take a bag with you. Don’t wrap your sandwiches in plastic bags. Most plastic remains under the ground for hundred of years . We can never get rid of it. Put your sandwiches in containers that can be used again. C. Don’t make a mess! Litter can make your country an ugly and unpleasant place to live in. Wild animals and birds often die when they eat litter that is left lying around. So make sure you put your rubbish in a bin to keep the earth clean. D. Thousands of trees are cut down in tropical forests every year to make the paper you use. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will soon run out of trees. Make sure you use all the paper in an exercise book before you begin a new one. Put your old newspaper into recycling bins. Use dusters to clean things up. not kitchen paper. E. Examine the labels on the goods you buy. Make sure they do not contain anything which could harm the environment. Don’t buy aerosol cans that damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere. Look for the label ‘Environment friendly’ before you buy! Don’t buy products that can harm the environment.

Pollen germination observations free essay sample

Toxicity on Pollen germination. Received: 15th February 2012 Abstract: Pollen obtained from the Hulls Rosa-Slovenes, commonly known as the Hibiscus flower were exposed to different concentrations of Lead to understand the effect of heavy metal on pollen tube germination. Heavy metals such as Lead, have shown to decrease the pollen germination and inhibit pollen tube growth. There was a correlation observed between the concentration of lead the pollen was exposed to ND the extent of growth Inhibition observed.The effect of 20 pimp, pimp, pimp and 80 pimp lead on pollen tube germination were studied using light microscopy. A progressive decrease in the percentage of pollen germination indicated that higher levels of toxicity caused higher growth inhibitions. Introduction: Heavy metals are natural components of the Earths crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent they enter our bodies via food, drinking water and air. As trace elements, some heavy metals are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human body. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollen germination observations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoning for human, animal, plant and microorganisms.Over the last decades, environmental contamination with heavy metals has increased drastically (Hussar Koran, Emmet Shall 2005) Heavy metals have recently received the attention of researchers all over the world, mainly due to their harmful effects on plant. The toxic effects of metals have also been intensively studied at the level of biochemical- physiological process such as photosynthesis, transpiration, enzyme activity or metal accumulation in tissue. Pollen germination and tube growth are used to detect biological activity of various environmental pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, acid rain etc.In this experiment we report the effect of deferent concentrations of lead, and Its effect on pollen germination as seen In the pollen grains of the Hibiscus flower. Materials: Chemicals : -Penny powder obtained from Lobo chemicals. -Solutions of deferent concentrations of Lead (20,40,60 and 80 pimp). Dilutions prepared using distilled water. -O. IN HCI obtained from Mere, Chronicles, Iambi. Glass ware: Glass slides, Moisture chambers, Petri dishes, Pipettes, Droppers. All Obtained from Borzois) Filter paper, Scalpel/Blade, Microscope (Metzger Pat Ltd. ), Hibiscus flowers. Method : Pollen grains were obtained from the Hibiscus flower by placing the anthers on a glass slide and lightly dusting the pollen grains using a scalpel or a blade. The effect of each concentration was studied in triplicates, so as to minimize error. A negative control using dill. HCI and a positive control using sucrose solution were prepared for each set. Thus a total of 24 glass slides were prepared. Alongside, the filter paper Nas placed in a moisture chamber and wet with a few drops of water so as to keep he conditions moist and favorable for pollen germination.The lead solution was diluted to obtain individual solutions of concentrations pimp (ml BP + ml DID), pimp (ml BP + DID), pimp (ml BP + DID) and pimp (ml BP +D/W). 0. 1 ml of 20 pimp lead solution was mounted on to 3 slides with pollen grains. 3 such slides were prepared for each dilution of lead solution prepared. 3 controls were prepared for each set, using dill. HCI, distilled water and sucrose as negative and positive controls respectively. Each of these slides were placed in the moisture chamber and allowed o stand for 20 minutes.